Electrochemical nitrate reduction to produce ammonia integrated into wastewater treatment: Investigations and challenges

Nitrate (NO₃⁻) is widely found in wastewater, which is harmful to human health and water environmental. Electrochemical reduction can convert NO₃⁻ to high value-added ammonia (NH₃)/ammonium (NH₄⁺) for pollutant removal and resource recovery. Currently, electrochemical nitrate reduction to produce ammonia (ENRA) is mostly focused on the preparation of high-performance catalysts, while ignoring the prerequisite for industrial application as the stable operation and optimal regulation of the process. Therefore, the review focused on wastewater treatment, based on the mechanism of electrochemical nitrate reduction for ammonia production and reactor construction (reactor, power supply system), then summarized the operation control strategies (such as reduction potential, nitrate concentration, inorganic ions, pH) that should be noted for ENRA. Finally, the challenges (system structure, economy) and prospects (ammonia recovery process, construction of large-scale ENRA system, application of real wastewater) of the field as it moves towards commercialization were discussed. It is hoped that this review will facilitate the scaling up of ENRA in the wastewater treatment field.     

Covalent coupling promoting charge transport of CdSeTe/UiO-66 for boosting photocatalytic CO2 reduction

Quantum dots (QDs) based heterojunction is a candidate for the photocatalytic CO₂ reduction, owing to the large extinction coefficient and easy modification of band structures. However, the van der Waals interaction causes the large charge resistance and strong recombination centers between QDs and host materials, which makes the poor photocatalytic performance. Herein, a covalent bonded CdSeTe QDs and NH₂-UiO-66 heterojunction (NUC-x) is constructed through an acylamino (-CONH-). The results indicate that the acylamino between NH₂-UiO-66 and CdSeTe QDs can serve as the transfer channels for the photogenerated charges and stabilize the QDs. The optimized NUC-1200 achieved a CO generation rate of 228.68 µmol/g, which is 13 and 4 times higher than that of NH₂-UiO-66 and CdSeTe QDs, respectively. This work provides a new avenue for efficient and stable photocatalysis of QDs.     

Gd2ZnTiO6∶Dy3+, Eu3+单基质白光荧光粉的制备与发光性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备出Dy³⁺, Eu³⁺共掺杂Gd₂ZnTiO₆白光荧光粉. 通过X射线衍射(XRD)、 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、 光致发光(PL)光谱对荧光粉的物相、 形貌及荧光性质进行了表征. 结果表明, 所制备的样品均为双钙钛矿结构, 属于单斜晶系(空间群: P2₁/n), 形貌为2~5 μm无规则形状的颗粒. 在392 nm近紫外光的激发下, Gd₂ZnTiO₆∶Dy³⁺,Eu³⁺荧光粉展现出Dy³⁺的蓝光、 黄光发射以及Eu³⁺的特征红光发射. 此外, 通过调节Dy³⁺和Eu³⁺的掺杂浓度, 可实现低色温的暖白光发射. 基于样品优异的荧光性能, 该荧光粉在近紫外激发白光LED中具有一定的开发潜力.     

羧基功能化LaPO_4:Ce~(3+)/Tb~(3+)荧光探针测定DNA

用溶剂热法,150℃条件下,反应24 h,制备了La PO4:Ce3+/Tb3+晶体(PDF 84-0600)。用XRD对材料进行了表征。并用巯基乙酸对材料进行了功能化,红外吸收光谱显示材料表面成功修饰上羧基(-COOH)。以COOH-La PO4:Ce3+/Tb3+材料为荧光探针,基于DNA对材料的发光淬灭,实现了对DNA的定量测定。在p H 5.5条件下,功能化荧光材料的荧光强度和小牛胸腺DNA(ct-DNA)的质量浓度(0.60~25.0μg/m L)成线性关系,线性方程为ΔF=944.85-26.97ρ,检出限为0.23μg/m L,相关系数R=0.9997,RSD为6.2%(n=7)。     

Metal-free one-pot synthesis of quinoline-2,4-carboxylates via a molecular iodine-catalyzed three-component reaction of arylamines,ethyl glyoxylate,and α-ketoesters

A simple and metal-free method has been developed for the construction of quinoline-2, 4-carboxylates under mild conditions via a molecular iodine-catalyzed three-component tandem reaction of arylamines, ethyl glyoxylate, and α-ketoesters. The present protocol provides a convenient and attractive approach to various quinoline-2, 4-carboxylates in moderate to good yields with excellent functional group tolerance.     

基于1,1’-二苯乙炔-3,3’,5,5’-四羧酸微孔铜配位聚合物的合成和气体吸附性质

本文报道了配合物[Cu2(EBTC)(H2O)2]·8H2O·DMF.DMSO(1,EBTC=1,1′-二苯乙炔-3,3′,5,5′-四羧酸根;DMF=N,N-二甲基甲酰胺;DMSO=二甲基亚砜)的合成、晶体结构和吸附性质。1拥有内径为0.85 nm和0.85 nm×2.15 nm的两种孔洞,分别被6个和12个四羧酸根桥联的[Cu2(CO2)4]螺旋桨式结构围绕,并被EBTC连接成三维超分子结构,该结构拥有可容纳溶剂分子的一维孔道。1为(3,4)-连接的fof(sqc1575)拓扑结构,具有非常大的孔体积,其值高达单位晶胞体积的72.8%。去除溶剂分子后的1a表现出永久孔性,其Langmuir表面积为2844 m2·g-1,BET表面积为1 852 m2·g-1。它对H2、CO2、CH4和C2H2具有可观的气体吸附量和相对较高的吸附焓。特别是,在迄今所有已报道的孔性金属-有机材料中,1a在273 K、1.0×105Pa下,表现出最高的乙炔吸附量(252 cm3·g-1)和很高的吸附焓(吸附量为1 mmol·g-1时的吸附焓为34.5 kJ·mol-1)。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定可食性包装材料中3种工业酸性红染料

提出了高效液相色谱法同时测定可食性包装材料中3种工业酸性红染料(酸性红14、酸性红35和酸性红73)的方法。样品经超声波辅助提取,以C18色谱柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm)为固定相,用10mmol·L-1乙酸铵溶液和甲醇以不同比例混合的溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,用紫外检测器测定。3种酸性红染料的质量浓度均在5.0~80mg·L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)在0.08~0.15mg·kg-1之间。在10.0,20.0,30.0mg·L-1等3个浓度水平进行加标回收试验,回收率在89.4%~97.1%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.18%~1.6%之间。     

磷脂囊泡在胺端基和羧端基修饰金表面的沉积

磷脂囊泡与阴, 阳离子性表面作用的深入理解对磷脂的生物纳米科技应用具有重要意义. 通过石英电子微天平及耗散系数测量仪, 研究了不同离子性磷脂囊泡在胺端基和羧端基修饰Au衬底的沉积行为. 实验观察到四条囊泡沉积路径: (ⅰ)吸附至临界值后破裂成膜; (ⅱ)吸附即破裂成膜; (ⅲ)吸附不破裂; (ⅳ)不吸附. 沉积路径由囊泡与衬底的双电层相互作用决定, 离子可发挥调节作用.     

重力对金纳米颗粒在生物膜表面吸附影响的荧光研究

纳米颗粒在生物膜表面的吸附行为是纳米生物技术领域的重要问题.采用正、倒置实验,通过荧光显微镜定量研究了重力对金纳米颗粒在支撑磷脂膜表面吸附的影响.研究发现,颗粒尺寸决定其在顶或底层支撑膜表面吸附的差异性.吸附量的差异与颗粒的沉淀速率和扩散速率之比的对数呈线性关系.粒径小于14 nm时,不考虑重力在吸附时的影响;粒径大于176 nm时,重力在吸附中占主导地位.为药物载体研究和理解颗粒-生物膜相互作用提供参考.     

用一种新实验方法测定透明液体的折射率

介绍自我设计的一种实验仪器和偏振光实验仪结合使用,根据光的折射定律和光的全反射规律来测定透明液体的折射率。又用此实验方法实际测量蒸馏水的折射率,进行实验数据处理和分析。